What is the purpose of a voltage regulator?

A voltage regulator is designed to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of variations in input voltage or load conditions. This is crucial in electrical systems where stable voltage is necessary for the optimal functioning of devices and components. When many electrical devices are in operation, they may draw varying amounts of current, which can affect voltage levels. The voltage regulator ensures that these fluctuations do not impact the output voltage, providing a consistent voltage supply that enhances performance and prevents damage to sensitive equipment.

The other options illustrate different functions that are not related to the primary purpose of a voltage regulator. Increasing voltage output pertains more to transformers or boost converters, while converting AC to DC is the function of rectifiers. Monitoring energy consumption relates to energy management systems rather than controlling voltage levels.