How is alternating current (AC) different from direct current (DC)?

Alternating current (AC) is characterized by its ability to periodically change direction, which differentiates it from direct current (DC). In an AC circuit, the flow of electric charge changes back and forth, resulting in a waveform that typically oscillates in a sinusoidal pattern. This oscillation allows AC to be easily transformed to different voltage levels using transformers, making it ideal for long-distance power transmission.

On the other hand, direct current flows in a single direction consistently. This fundamental difference between the two types of current underlies many practical applications; for example, AC is commonly used for power distribution in homes and businesses because it can be effectively transmitted over long distances without excessive energy loss. Understanding this distinction is crucial for electrical professionals, as it impacts their work with electrical systems and equipment.