Describe the role of a ground fault detector.

A ground fault detector plays a critical role in electrical safety by continuously monitoring the difference in current between the live and neutral wires. In a properly functioning electrical system, the current flowing through the live wire should equal the current returning through the neutral wire. If there is a fault, such as a short circuit or a leakage of current to the ground (which can happen if insulation fails or a device malfunctions), this balance is disrupted.

The ground fault detector senses this difference in current, known as ground fault current, and triggers protective measures, such as cutting off the power supply to prevent potential hazards, such as electric shock or fire. This detection is crucial for protecting both people and property from electrical hazards, ensuring safer operation of electrical systems.

In contrast, enhancing circuit efficiency, monitoring voltage in a circuit, or preventing wire overheating fall outside the primary function of a ground fault detector. Efficiency and voltage monitoring relate to the performance of the electrical system, while overheating prevention is about thermal management rather than current imbalance detection.