Define short-circuit protection in electrical systems.

Short-circuit protection is a critical safety feature in electrical systems, designed specifically to prevent damage that can occur due to excessive current flow. This situation arises when there is a fault in the electrical circuit, causing a low-resistance connection which results in a sudden increase in current. Such an event can lead to overheating, equipment failure, fire hazards, and safety risks for personnel.

By implementing measures specifically tailored for short-circuit protection—such as circuit breakers, fuses, and protective relays—systems can detect an abnormal increase in current and automatically disconnect or isolate the affected circuit from the rest of the system. This action helps safeguard both the equipment and personnel from dangerous conditions arising from overloads or faults.

The other options, while related to electrical systems, do not accurately define short-circuit protection. Enhancing electrical flow, prevention of energy loss, and voltage regulation all play roles in the efficiency and operational safety of the system but do not focus specifically on the mechanisms and strategies for preventing damage from short-circuits caused by excessive current flow.